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What (who) is interference fading - definition
![Coherent waves that travel along two different paths will arrive with [[phase shift]], hence interfering with each other.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Phase shift.svg?width=200 "Coherent waves that travel along two different paths will arrive with [[phase shift]], hence interfering with each other.")
![Creation of interference fringes by an [[optical flat]] on a reflective surface. Light rays from a monochromatic source pass through the glass and reflect off both the bottom surface of the flat and the supporting surface. The tiny gap between the surfaces means the two reflected rays have different path lengths. In addition the ray reflected from the bottom plate undergoes a 180° phase reversal. As a result, at locations '''''(a)''''' where the path difference is an odd multiple of λ/2, the waves reinforce. At locations '''''(b)''''' where the path difference is an even multiple of λ/2 the waves cancel. Since the gap between the surfaces varies slightly in width at different points, a series of alternating bright and dark bands, ''interference fringes'', are seen.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Optical flat interference.svg?width=200 "Creation of interference fringes by an [[optical flat]] on a reflective surface. Light rays from a monochromatic source pass through the glass and reflect off both the bottom surface of the flat and the supporting surface. The tiny gap between the surfaces means the two reflected rays have different path lengths. In addition the ray reflected from the bottom plate undergoes a 180° phase reversal. As a result, at locations '''''(a)''''' where the path difference is an odd multiple of λ/2, the waves reinforce. At locations '''''(b)''''' where the path difference is an even multiple of λ/2 the waves cancel. Since the gap between the surfaces varies slightly in width at different points, a series of alternating bright and dark bands, ''interference fringes'', are seen.")
![White light interference in a [[soap bubble]]. The [[iridescence]] is due to [[thin-film interference]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Soap bubble sky.jpg?width=200 "White light interference in a [[soap bubble]]. The [[iridescence]] is due to [[thin-film interference]].")
![interferometric array]] formed from many smaller [[telescope]]s, like many larger [[radio telescope]]s.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg?width=200 "interferometric array]] formed from many smaller [[telescope]]s, like many larger [[radio telescope]]s.")
Wikipedia
In radio communication, multipath is the propagation phenomenon that results in radio signals reaching the receiving antenna by two or more paths. Causes of multipath include atmospheric ducting, ionospheric reflection and refraction, and reflection from water bodies and terrestrial objects such as mountains and buildings. When the same signal is received over more than one path, it can create interference and phase shifting of the signal. Destructive interference causes fading; this may cause a radio signal to become too weak in certain areas to be received adequately. For this reason, this effect is also known as multipath interference or multipath distortion.
Where the magnitudes of the signals arriving by the various paths have a distribution known as the Rayleigh distribution, this is known as Rayleigh fading. Where one component (often, but not necessarily, a line of sight component) dominates, a Rician distribution provides a more accurate model, and this is known as Rician fading. Where two components dominate, the behavior is best modeled with the two-wave with diffuse power (TWDP) distribution. All of these descriptions are commonly used and accepted and lead to results. However, they are generic and abstract/hide/approximate the underlying physics.
